Causes, symptoms of arthrosis, its complications and methods of treatment

Arthrosis is a disease of the joints, considered dystrophic and accompanied by a slow destruction of the cartilage inside the joint.With arthrosis, over a long time, changes occur, restructuring of the articular bone edges, inflammatory processes are developing and degeneration of periosematic tissue occurs.Such as "arthrosis" also includes not a large group of articular diseases of a degenerative-inflammatory nature, which have different causes and similar mechanisms of their development.

Arthrosis is considered the most common common disease in the world, according to statistical data on one scale or another, up to 80% of the globe's population suffer from arthrosis.Views of this type are very common, and are in third place, after oncology and cardiovascular disease.

The probability of developing arthrosis with age increases many times.The disease affects both men and women equally, exclusion is only the arthrosis of the nodes between -phalanx, as it is most often observed in women.Arthrosis overcomes people of working age - from 30 years and each year the number of patients increases steadily and constantly increases.

Causes of arthrosis

Arthrosis develops due to metabolic disorders in the joint, which in turn leads to the fact that the cartilage begins to lose elasticity.This can be facilitated by complete or partial loss by the composition of the cartoglycan cartilage, it occurs, as a rule, due to the very deep cracks in the cartilage.Proteinoglycan loss can occur for another reason: due to the failure of their production by common cells.

The following reasons may affect the emergence and development of arthrosis:

• Previously damaged.They can be shifts, bruises, fractures, ligaments and other damage.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Excessive body weight, leading to additional loads on the joints.
• The inflammatory process in the joints is acute purulent arthritis.
• Old age.
• Low energy quality.
• Hypothermia.
• Autoimmune diseases - red lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
• General body intoxication.
• Frequent colds.
• Specific inflammation - syphilis, tuberculosis, tick encephalitis, gonorrhea.
• Thyroid diseases.
• Violation of blood coagulation (hemophilia).
• The disease of the achievement is a violation of blood supply to the femur's head.

Also, at risk, in the near future, a disease such as arthritis, are people whose professions are: mason, mining, fisherman, clasmith, metallurgist - and other areas of activity in growing physical work.

Symptoms of arthrosis

Symptoms of arthrosisThere is pain in the load on the joint, which is descended when the knot at rest;Reduce the mobility of the joint, the crisis, a feeling of muscle tension in the joint.The commonly affected arthritis affected can be swell, and over time it is deformed.

Consider the following 4 major groups of arthrosis symptoms:

• Pain the presence of pain is the first sign of arthrosis of the joints.It can be assumed that with any damage, similar sensations occur, but with arthrosis the pain has some features.First, this is the appearance of sudden pain or significant discomfort during movements.Will be located in the place where the injured node is located.When a person stops moving and goes in a state of rest, the pain passes.At night, a person practically does not suffer unpleasant sensations unless during the coup of the body of the body, find the optimal position - the patient calmly falls asleep.Pain occurs during rest only in the stage of progression of the disease, they have some resemblance to tooth bastards when a person cannot fall asleep.They are shown closer to the morning - at 5 o'clock. So at the beginning of the pain there is practically no pain, it can only feel with load or palpation, over time a person's suffering is intensified, and the knot requires more and more rest periods.Then life turns completely into torture - the Hialin cartilage is diluted, the bone is exposed, osteophytes begin to grow.Acute pain of pain almost constantly, intensifying even more in bad weather and full moon.
• Crunch.An equally indicative symptom of arthrosis is the presence of the crisis.It becomes obedient due to the fact that the softness of the bones in the joint is reduced, they rub each other, as a result of which a characteristic sound arises.A crisis can be heard with other diseases, and even when the joints are healthy.But it is precisely such a stalemate that is distinguished by its "dry" sound.The more the disease progresses, the brighter the sound becomes.Moreover, if a crisis is heard, then the pain will feel.This is what makes it possible to distinguish the sound made of arthritis joints from the usual harmless click.
• Reduce mobility in the joints is another characteristic symptom of arthrosis.In the initial phase, this phenomenon does not disturb the patient, but with the progression of arthrosis, the germination of bone neoplasms leads to the fact that the muscles are spasmodic, and the articular gap almost completely disappears.This is the cause of limb motion at the destination.
• Common deformation.Its modification is determined by the fact that osteophytes grow on the bone surface and reaches synovial fluid.Although deformation is one of the latest symptoms, when arthrosis has hit the joint to a large extent.

The course of the disease is characterized by the stages of irritation and the phases of forgiveness.This significantly complicates the independent diagnosis of arthrosis, relying solely on its own sensations.Therefore, it is necessary to seek a clarification of the diagnosis of the doctor.

Ladder

Arthrosis is characterized by degenerative-district changes in the joints that will follow a person in the form of a chronic disease.The result of such destruction is the loss of cartilage joining, pathological changes in its capsule, and synovial shells, ligaments and bone structures.

It is common to distinguish between the three staircases of arthrosis, which characterize the different severity of the course of the disease and have different symptoms.

1 degree of arthrosis

In the first phase of arthritis development, no serious changes in common morphology are noticed.Only the composition of synovial fluid is disturbed.It supplies the tissue joint with nutrients worse, so the cartilage loses its previous resistance to the loads known to it.This leads to the fact that cartilage fabrics are inflamed, a person has pain.

The patient may complain of insignificant rigidity in the joints, but most often he does not pay attention to this feeling, attributing such a violation of health changes in the weather, unpleasant position, etc.

Sometimes a poor crisis can be heard in the affected joint area.The pain can hurt.If the disease is diagnosed at this stage, then it will be possible to cope with conservative methods.

2 degree of arthrosis

The second stage of arthrosis is associated with the destruction of the cartilage.Bone growths appear at the ends of the joint.The stronger the load, the stronger the knot's cartilage fabric will be destroyed.

A person experiences constant pain that is taught.Inflammation now calms, then deteriorates again.

The muscles surrounding the joints will lose their previous functions, but most commonly such disorders are weak or moderate.Therefore, at this stage, a person may refuse to visit the doctor.

After a short foot load, a person can suffer fatigue.At the same time, painful pain in the joints becomes acute.The crystory during movement intensifies, which is explained by bone growth.

It is in the second degree of developing arthrosis in the joints that the deformation process begins, so you should definitely seek medical help.

3 degree of arthrosis

The third degree of arthrosis is more severe.The joint jump of the affected node is not only diluted, but it also began to collapse, and the pathological focuses are already large.The connection is highly deformed, which affects the normal axis of the limbs.

The ligaments that surrounded the union previously lose their functional activity become short, which affects the movement of the wings or legs.

During this period, a person has contractions and subluxation.The muscles surrounding the joint are shortened and stretched, they are difficult to contract.Union itself and nearby fabrics suffer from insufficient food.

A person tries by severe pain, is acute and sharp.Even at rest, the patient experiences significant discomfort.The third degree of arthritis is associated with the risk of full loss of human capacity.

Types of arthrosis

Depending on the cause of arthrosis, a disease with vague etiology is distinguished, that is, idiopathic arthrosis.Most often, it is diagnosed in people over 40 years old.There are also secondary arthrosis, which occurs against the backdrop of obvious causes (after damage, with joint inflammation, endocrine disease, etc.).

In addition to the fact that arthritis is classified depending on the cause of its occurrence, the following varieties of the disease are distinguished:

• Knee arthrosis or gonartrosis.This is the most common type of disease.At the same time, knee joints suffer.Pathology is most often diagnosed in people with excess body weight, against the backdrop of metabolic damage to the body as well as because of stress.The disease develops over the years, in its late phase, the knee completely loses its mobility.
• Ankle arthritis.In this type of disease, the ankle joint is affected.The disease develops against the backdrop of damage, with the extent of the ligaments, due to dysplasia, gout and the diabetes available.Sometimes the cause of pathology is rheumatoid arthritis.Most often, ankle arthritis is diagnosed in people whose work is accompanied by excess loads in the area: dancers, athletes, women who wear high -legged shoes.
• Shoulder arthritis.The main reason for the pathology is considered to be congenital shoulder joint defects, or excess loads on it.The risk group includes carriers, plaster and people who are busy with hard manual work.This also includes elbow joint arthrosis.
• Hip or coxarthrosis arthritis.This is one of the severe varieties of pathology.The main reason is age -related changes in articular tissue.The risk group includes people over 40 years old.
• Cervical arthritis.Reasons that can lead to the development of this pathology: insufficient mobility of the cervical spine, overweight and damage.The risk group includes people who are engaged in sitting work.In addition to the main symptoms of arthrosis in the form of pain and restriction of joint mobility, patients have dizziness, headaches, and sometimes even loss of consciousness.This is due to the inclusion of vertebral artery in the pathological process, which nourishes the brain.
• Osteoarthrosis of the hands and fingers.In this case, the ankle joint is damaged, finger joints, etc.Most often, women who enter during menopause suffer from pathology.
• Spondylarthrosis in which the joints and cartilage of the spine suffer.The disease develops more often in people of age after 65 years.Women mainly suffer from it, which is explained by a decrease in estrogen level after the roof that has come.
• In polyosteoartrosis.It is a disease of a degenerative nature in which the peripheral joints, ligaments and tendons suffer.Spinal cord connections can be included in pathology.

Complications of arthrosis

If arthritis does not provide proper attention, do not treat it in time and correctly, it can lead not only to the complete destruction of the diseased joint, but also to a change in spinal biomechanics, this is why hernias can start in the intervertebral discs and the development of arthrosis in other healthy joints can begin.The complication of arthrosis of the joints is best not to allow.

The following pathologies are distinguished as the main complications of arthrosis:

• The destruction of the knot.
• Common deformation.
• Inability to perform movements.
• Patient disability.
• Violation of spine biomechanics and other joints.
• Hernia of the intervertebral disc.
• Reducing the patient's standard of life.

Diagnosis of arthrosis

To make a diagnosis, the doctor must interview and inspect the patient.Then he will name it an X -Ray of the affected joints.

X -Rry pictures are most often performed in 2 projections.The study allows you to visualize dystrophic changes in tissues, cartilage damage and adjacent bone.The articular gap in patients with arthritis is narrowed, the place of bone is deformed, bone growth, osteophytes can leave it.Sometimes the joint itself loses stability, which leads to displacement.

The first sign of arthrosis, which can be visualized in an X-ray, is the presence of osteophytes.First, the edges of the articular surface simply become sharp.In the future, they thicken, and then appear on them.The common gap is already being done as the pathology progresses.

Depending on the resulting radiological figure, the doctor may make the following diagnosis (the classification of Kellgren-Lawrence is taken as the basis):

• Arthrosis is suspicious.It is not possible to determine the degree of narrowing of the joint gap, but small osteophytes are visible.
• Soft arthritis, in which osteophytes are well visualized, but there are doubts about the narrowing of the common gap.
• Moderate arthritis is diagnosed when the joint gap is clearly narrowed and osteophytes are clearly visible.Bone deformities are sometimes found.
• Severe arthrosis is associated with a significant narrowing of the common gap and the formation of large osteophytes.The node will be deformed.

If the doctor needs more information about the condition of the union, then he can direct the patient to pass CT, arthroscopy or MRI.To evaluate the quality of the synovial fluid, articular puncture is performed.

Treatment methods

It is better to treat the sore joints at an early stage, the treatment itself should be pathogenetic and complex.The essence of treatment is to remove the causes that contribute to the development of this disease, it is also necessary to eliminate inflammatory changes and restore the functions that were lost earlier.

Comprehensive treatment of arthritis includes medicines that have anti -inflammatory and analgesic properties, physiotherapeutic procedures, which have an analgesic effect on the joints, should also be performed.If treatment is performed in a resort in the bathroom, then it consists of climatic conditions that act favorably on the joints, as well as the use of mineral waters and mud.

Arthrosis treatment is based on several basic principles:

• Damaged connections should be eliminated from excess load.If possible, during treatment, it should generally be reduced to a minimum.
• After the established orthopedic regime.
• Classes of physiotherapy exercises.
• Passage of physiotherapy, which includes a magnet and electrotherapy, shock waves, and laser therapy.
• Sanatorium treatment.To do this, it is necessary once a year, with the recommendation of a physician, undergoing course treatment in specialized resorts.
• Saturation of the node with oxygen, or common oxygenotherapy joint within.
• Medication therapy.
• Inside, bone blockade, as well as metrophy decompression.
• Rational approach to food.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

You can cope with arthrosis using physiotherapeutic treatment methods.

These include:

• Uvt.Shock wave therapy makes it possible to remove osteophytes, which are bone processes.They are the ones who become the main cause of pain.The waves soften these results and after a while they are absorbed.In parallel, the power of the joint improves, the metabolic processes are normalized.This procedure is effective only in the early stages of the development of the disease.In addition, only one doctor can name it, as there are many contraindications.
• Myostimulation.The method is based on muscle stimulation by electrical impulses.The procedure is indicated for the treatment of patients in bed, who are forced to adhere to bed rest after injury.This method is not very often prescribed for arthritis, though it allows you to normalize blood flow to the problem area and increase muscle tone, which makes it possible to bring the deadlines for resetting joints.
• Phonophoresis.In this method of treatment, the joint is exposed to ultrasound waves and medicines.The effect of the medication increases, as they will be delivered "exactly to the destination", and the cells will teach them better.
• Ozonotherapy.This method involves inserting a gas mixture into the joint.The patient disappears, inflammation decreases, joint mobility is normalized and blood circulation improves.Treatment is performed in courses.Their duration depends on the severity of the flow of pathology.

Surgical Types of Treatment

When it is not possible to cope with the disease by conservative methods, the patient is directed to surgery.

Surgical intervention methods include:

• Puncture performance.This is not only a therapeutic method, but also a diagnostic method.During its implementation, the needle is inserted into the joint, taking a small amount of liquid.In the future, it is sent for analysis.This method allows you to remove the load from the joint as well as give it medication, for example, corticosteroids.
• arthroscopy.At the same time, an arthroscope is inserted into the joint, for which some small incisions are made on the skin.This procedure makes it possible to assess the union state from the inside.During arthroscopy, the doctor can remove the unnecessary cartilage, giving a person from pain.
• Next to the articular osteotomy.The operation descends into the fact that the bones of the joint are slightly sawd and fixed to the right position.This allows you to reduce the load on the loss area as well as save a person from pain.Although the procedure is quite effective, they rarely turn to it, as it is performed under anesthesia and requires a long period of recovery.
• Replacing your union with a prosthesis.Endoprostetics run if the joint is highly deformed and cannot be restored.This is a difficult operation that costs a lot of money.The prosthesis itself is made of materials such as: metal, ceramics, plastic.After the intervention, a person has returned for a long time, may suffer from pain.Although it is often impossible to help patients with other methods, otherwise a person can be completely immobilized.A high quality prosthesis is able to last 20 years.Throughout this time, a person will not experience any problems with the movement.

Treatment

Let us consider in more detail the drug treatment:

• Anti -inflammatory drugs.The onset of arthrosis therapy is comprehensive, you can slow down the course of the disease and mainly improve the quality of life.It is worth dwelling in more detail at some treatment points.In particular, medication therapy includes in the initial stage - this is the removal of pain as well as the elimination of inflammatory processes that occur in the joints.
• Hormonal corticosteroids.When arthritis is in the phase of irritation, hormonal corticosteroids are advised.They get into the union.From the outside, you can use a special piece, oil or solution, which are made on the basis of burnt pepper.
• Preparations aimed at restoring cartilage and improving high quality composition of synovial fluid will not be redundant.The course lasts a fairly long period of time until the improvement occurs.  

If the issue is especially difficult, then taking narcotics can be described.But they are used extremely rarely when the rest of the tools did not bring the desired effect.

Proper food for arthrosis

Separately, it is worth dwelling on nutrition during a worsening of the disease.There are also some recommendations here - you cannot overdo it, as this will contribute to the accumulation of additional pound, but it is impossible to hunger, as the supply of cartilage with important elements will break down.The priority task, which is facing the patient with overweight, is to reduce it.To do this, it is simply necessary to remove fast carbohydrates from the diet, they are included in all flour products and sweets.Alcohol falls under stops, and first of all beers.

There is absolutely no complaints about fish dishes - they can be used enough, of course, in reasonable amounts.But you do not have to rely on its very fat varieties, as they have a lot of calories, which means that extra pounds will not last long.

An important role in the treatment of arthritis is assigned a cold dish.In addition, it is this dish that is recommended to include all doctors in the diet.Such food will be a true repository of trace elements for sore joints.The most important component in this dish is a collagen of natural origin.It is absorbed by the body quite quickly and is the basis of any connective tissue.Thanks to regular jelly consumption, good results can be achieved - the joints will become more mobile, the fabrics that line up their fabrics - elastic, and the cartilage and bones will gain strength.

Do not forget about regular vitamins with food.For patients with arthrosis, B vitamins are particularly important

Pyridoxine will help produce hemoglobin.“You can get it "by eating bananas, nuts, cabbage and potatoes. It is worth dealing with greenery and legumes. They will become a source of folic acid. Liver, fungi, dairy products, and eggs will be useful. They are rich in riboflavin.

By observing the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor, it can be achieved that the disease will withdraw, and the damaged tissue will begin to heal.